Protection of Small Business

Protection of Small BusinessThere is no doubt that hostility toward big business – at that time an unfamiliar from of enterprise – motivated the passage of the Sherman act. From this point of departure, critics of the antitrust laws sometimes assert that the antitrust laws have served to protect small business from the competition of rivals. Despite a few statements in debate that indicate concern for the fate of the individual competitor, the consensus in that the protection of small forms was not among the original goals of the Sherman act. Read the rest of this entry »

The Second Statement

The Second StatementIt is sometimes said of these combination the monopolistic trusts that they reduce prices to the consumer by better methods of production, but all experience shows that this saving of cost goes to the pockets of the producer. The price to the consumer depends upon the supply, which can be reduced at pleasure by the combination.

These are clear expressions of concern for the distributional effects of market power. The second statement, in fact, suggests approval of efficiency only Read the rest of this entry »

Monopolistic Pricing

Monopolistic PricingIncome transfer is a tangible and obvious effect of monopolistic pricing. Resource allocation is an intangible and subtle effect. It is clear from the congressional debates that senators knew that monopolistic pricing transferred income from consumers to producers. Speaking in support oh his bill, Senator Sherman said;

This bill does not seek to cripple combination of capital and labor, the formation of partnership or of corporations, but only to prevent and control  combination made with a view to prevent competition, or for the restraint Read the rest of this entry »

Which Came First?

Which Came FirstThe arrangement that a higher price results from restricted output involves the “which came first?” question. One might just as well say that restricted output is caused by raising the price or that a price increase and output reduction simultaneously results from a move up the demand curve. But I digress.

Therefore, the original goal of the Sherman act was to minimize the dead weight loss due to market power, that is, the welfare loss due to allocation of resources among industries. Equivalently, the goal is to Read the rest of this entry »